Multiple instance learning (MIL) has become the leading approach for extracting discriminative features from whole slide images (WSIs) in computational pathology. Attention-based MIL methods can identify key patches but tend to overlook contextual relationships. Transformer models are able to model interactions but require quadratic computational cost and are prone to overfitting. State space models (SSMs) offer linear complexity, yet shuffling patch order disrupts histological meaning and reduces interpretability. In this work, we introduce SemaMIL, which integrates Semantic Reordering (SR), an adaptive method that clusters and arranges semantically similar patches in sequence through a reversible permutation, with a Semantic-guided Retrieval State Space Module (SRSM) that chooses a representative subset of queries to adjust state space parameters for improved global modeling. Evaluation on four WSI …
本文针对全切片图像分类中多实例学习忽略上下文、Transformer计算复杂、状态空间模型打乱语义顺序的问题，提出SemaMIL方法。该方法包含语义重排模块，通过可逆置换将语义相似的图像块聚类排列；以及语义引导检索状态空间模块，选择代表性查询子集调整状态空间参数，实现高效全局建模。在四个WSI数据集上验证了方法的有效性。